Ice rink
An ice rink is a frozen body of water where people can ice skate or play winter sports. Some of its uses include playing ice hockey, figure skating exhibitions and contests, and ice shows.
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Many ice rinks consist of, or are found on, open bodies of water such as lakes, ponds, canals, and sometimes rivers; these can only be used in the winter in climates where the surface would freeze thickly enough to support human weight. Rinks can also be made in cold climates by enclosing a level area of ground, filling it with water, and letting it freeze. Snow may even be packed to use as the containment material.
In any climate, an arena ice surface can be installed in a properly built space. This consists of a bed of sand, or occasionally a slab of concrete, through (or on top of) which pipes run. The pipes carry a chilled fluid (usually either a salt brine or water with antifreeze) which can lower the temperature of the slab so that water placed atop it will freeze. Such rinks were developed in the late nineteenth century, the first being the Glaciarium in London.[1] This methodology is known as 'artificial ice' to differentiate from ice rinks made by simply freezing water in a cold climate, indoors or outdoors, although both types are of frozen water. A more proper technical term is 'mechanically frozen' ice.
Modern rinks have a specific procedure for preparing the surface:
- With the pipes cold, a thin layer of water is sprayed on the sand or concrete to seal and level it (or in the case of concrete, to keep it from being marked).
- This thin layer is painted white or pale blue, for better contrast; markings necessary for hockey or curling are also placed, along with logos or other decorations.
- Another thin layer of water is sprayed on top of this.
- The ice is built up to a thickness of 2-3 centimetres (approx. 1.2 inches) by repeated flows of water onto the surface.
Periodically after the ice has been used, it is resurfaced using a machine called an ice resurfacer, commonly known as a Zamboni[1]. For curling, the surface is 'pebbled' by allowing loose drops of cold water to fall onto the ice and freeze into rounded peaks.
Between events, especially if the arena is being used without need for the ice surface, it is either covered with a heavily insulated floor, or melted by heating the fluid in the pipes.
A highly specialized form of rink is used for speed skating; this is a large oval (or ring) much like an athletic track. Due to their limited use, speed skating ovals are found in much fewer numbers than is true of the more common hockey or curling rinks.
Those skilled at preparing arena ice are often in demand for major events where ice quality is critical. The level of the sport of hockey in Canada has led its icemakers to be particularly sought-after. One such team of professionals was responsible for placing a loonie coin under center ice at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah; as both Canadian teams (men's and women's) won their respective hockey gold medals, the coin was christened "lucky" and is now in the possession of the Hockey Hall of Fame,[citation needed] after having been retrieved from beneath the ice.
In speedskating, the official Olympic rink size is 30 x 60 meters for short track, and 400 meters for long track.
Main article: Hockey rink
There are basically two rink sizes in use (as below), although there is a great deal variations in the dimensions of actual ice rinks. Historically, earlier ice rinks were smaller than today.
[edit] National Hockey League (NHL) - Canada & USA
Official NHL rink size 85 feet (26 m) x 200 feet (61 m) The dimensions originate from the size of the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Canada.
[edit] International/Olympic Ice Hockey
Official Olympic/International rink 30 metres (98 ft) x 60 metres (200 ft) (4*4)
- ^ Martin C. Harris, Homes of British Ice Hockey
- Skating Rinks Database of 5.500 Rinks in the U.S. and Canada
